Fidelio
Ponce de León (1895-1949)
In 1915, he entered San Alejandro Academy, just to receive, sometimes,
drawing classes. Having a nervious temper, he used to wander around
different cities of the island looking for motives and for the living.
Through this wandering, he left his artistic vestiges in popular
places such as bodegas or hotels of low category at small cities
from the inner part of the island. Being a restless walker, a dreamer,
he created stories about performances of works at non-real stays
abroad. The name Fidelio Ponce de León was
also imaginary, the real one was Alfredo Fuente Pons.
He was an intense
reader having marvelous memory and fantasy, capable to provide with careful
details his large descriptions. The demencial characteristic of
his way of acting, signed his pictorial labor. He created portrays,
taking as reference old pictures. Sorrows, loneliness, miseries
and misfortune are frecuent inspirations for his works where is present
frustration and calamities he had to face and the incongruity
in his activity as painter of announcements and posters, urged
by subsistence matters and his inspired artist vocation.
The specialists
appreciate in his works two great moments: one before 1935, landscapes
and
portrays, where delimitations of clear defined lines can be seen,
a good example is the oleo Beatas, which is a kind of bridge
to the searching of his most inmortal style. Between 1935 and 1940
there is a period of transition in which the lines of his figures
are softer and became less defined, creating a more typical style
and this fact allows him to be an isolated case within the first
Non-Academicist Vanguard.
His painting Niños, (Children), is his most outstanding
and popular work. At this stage, his works reflected already, his
anguish and unstable existence. It
is a surrealistic painting where we can perceive a great imaginative
power, in which strange figures of large styles and generally static
having a solemn air appeared. Even in the 40s, when his creation
reached its greater splendor, his work did not solve his economic
problems, on the contrary, in some ocassions, he painted to have
home or food.
Expression
Although
he was marked by his epoch, he did not develop a critic work about
the social moment he lived, but he created for himself a space where
he reflected incongruity and no satisfaction, he attacked the religious
hypocrisy and the social conventionality.
Technique
His paintings are characterized for the abundancy of white zinc,
achieving a kind a painting he called nacarada, using ocres
and earth colors. He was denominated monotonous , due to his monocromatic
style in the use of the white color that he recreated with the shades
of nacar. During his poor existance, his work had a moment of social
recognition, when in 1944, the Circle of Fine Arts of Havana, organized
an Homage exposition for him.
Context
He lived
and created within a period politically ruled by the so-called Generals
and Doctors, stage in which is produced an ascent of the Republican
Bourgeosie to the power and is present an implicit social frustration
after the attemptions of advancing of the most illustrious sectors
of the Cuban society, which, along a half century of Republican
life, did not give much attention to painters and sculptors. Some
artists, representatives of the Academic stream, had a weak official
recognition while the Vanguard group had been presented their credentials
since the 20s fighting against great difficulties and only understood
by sensible and intelligent intelectuals that accepted the renovation
on Plastic Arts.
Being sick os
tuberculosis, he was secluded at La Esperanza sanatorium, he abandoned
it in 1947 and died short time after.
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