National Prize of Literature is the most important distinction conferred by cultural entities of the island to Cuban writers, since 1983. Many names has been proposed; winners of such significative distinctions are:

1983- Nicolás Guillén.
1984- José Zacarías Tallet.
1985- Félix Pita Rodríguez.
1986- (shared) Eliseo Diego, José Soler Puig and José A. Portuondo.
1987- Dulce María Loynaz.
1988- (shared) Cintio Vitier and Dora Alonso.
1989- Roberto Fernández Retamar.
1990- Fina García Marruz.
1991- Angel Augier.
1992- Abelardo Estorino.
1993- Francisco de Oraá.
1994- Miguel Barnet.
1995- Jesús Orta Ruíz.
1996- Pablo Armando Fernández.
1997- Carilda Oliver Labra.
1998- Roberto Friol.
1999- César López.
2000- Antón Arrufat.
2001- Nancy Morejón.
2002- Lisandro Otero.
2003- Reynaldo González.
2004- Jaime Saruzky.
2005- Graciela Pogolotti.